ClimaNote monthly climate normals, 1991–2020 Release of 2026-10-27 https://climanote.app/data/ Monthly climate averages for 7,426 places in 213 countries, 12 months each (89,112 rows). The values are the numbers printed on the ClimaNote pages, with the same rounding. 12 places are marked approximate on their pages (column approximate of climanote-places.csv.gz); join the two files on geonames_id to see the flag for each month. FILES climanote-city-month-normals.csv.gz one row per place and month (89,112 rows) climanote-places.csv.gz one row per place (7,426 rows) README.txt this file SHA256SUMS SHA-256 checksums of the three files above; check them with: sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS Both CSV files are UTF-8, comma-separated, with a header row and LF line ends, compressed with gzip. A field that contains a comma or a quote is quoted. Rows are sorted by country_slug and city_slug (then by month). COLUMNS OF climanote-city-month-normals.csv.gz geonames_id GeoNames ID of the place. name Place name as in GeoNames. country Country name as shown on ClimaNote. country_slug Country part of the page address. city_slug Place part of the page address. lat Latitude of the place in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded). lon Longitude of the place in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded). elevation_m Elevation of the place in whole meters, from GeoNames or the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 fallback; the temperatures are adjusted to it. population Population (GeoNames). month Month number, 1 to 12. month_name Month name, January to December. high_c Average daily maximum air temperature, °C, one decimal. low_c Average daily minimum air temperature, °C, one decimal. mean_c Average daily mean air temperature (mean of the 24 hourly values of each local day), °C, one decimal. Not shown on the pages. rain_mm Average monthly precipitation total (rain, and snow as water), mm: one decimal below 10 mm, whole millimeters from 10 mm up, 0 below 0.05 mm. rain_days Average number of days with at least 1 mm of precipitation, one decimal. url The ClimaNote page that prints these numbers. COLUMNS OF climanote-places.csv.gz geonames_id GeoNames ID of the place. name Place name as in GeoNames. admin1 First-level administrative region (GeoNames); empty when GeoNames gives none. country Country name as shown on ClimaNote. country_code Two-letter country code (GeoNames). country_slug Country part of the page address. city_slug Place part of the page address. lat Latitude in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded). lon Longitude in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded). elevation_m Elevation in whole meters, from GeoNames or the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 fallback. population Population (GeoNames). timezone Time zone; local days use its standard UTC offset without daylight saving. year_high_c Mean of the twelve monthly average highs, °C, one decimal. year_low_c Mean of the twelve monthly average lows, °C, one decimal. year_mean_c Mean of the twelve monthly mean temperatures, °C, one decimal. Not shown on the pages. year_rain_mm Sum of the twelve monthly precipitation totals, mm, written like rain_mm. year_rain_days Sum of the twelve monthly rain-day averages: whole days from 1 up, one decimal below 1. url The ClimaNote page of the place. approximate true when no model cell close enough in elevation was available: the cell differs from the place by more than the limit stated on the About page, so the temperatures carry a larger elevation adjustment (the place's pages are marked Approximate). false otherwise. DEFINITIONS Period. Every figure is a long-term average for 1991–2020 (30 years). It describes the climate of a place, not the weather on a given day, and it is not a forecast. Local days. Hourly values are grouped into calendar days of the place's standard time (the time zone's UTC offset without daylight saving). Average high and low. The mean of the daily maximum and of the daily minimum temperature over all days of that calendar month in 1991–2020. They are not record extremes. Rainfall and rain days. Rainfall is the average of the 30 monthly totals of precipitation. A rain day is a local day with at least 1 mm of precipitation; they are counted for each month and averaged over 30 years. Elevation. Temperatures are moved from the model cell's elevation to the place's elevation at 6.5°C per kilometre. Rounding. Each number is rounded once, half up on its exact decimal value, exactly as the pages print it. Yearly totals are exact sums of the monthly values. Method and limits: https://climanote.app/about/ Questions and corrections: hello@climanote.app HOW TO CITE ClimaNote (2026): Monthly climate normals 1991–2020 for 7,426 places, release of 2026-10-27. https://climanote.app/data/. Derived from Copernicus ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis data (read from the Open-Meteo open-data archive) and GeoNames. @misc{climanote2026normals, author = {{ClimaNote}}, title = {Monthly climate normals 1991--2020 for 7,426 places}, year = {2026}, note = {Release of 2026-10-27}, url = {https://climanote.app/data/}} LICENSE AND ATTRIBUTION These files are published under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Sources and their licenses, as stated on the About page: The hourly data are read from the Open-Meteo open-data archive, licensed CC BY 4.0. GeoNames (CC BY 4.0): city names, coordinates, populations, elevations and time zones. When you reuse the files, keep these attribution lines: Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (ERA5 and ERA5-Land, 1991–2020). Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains. Copernicus Climate Change Service (2018): ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47 Copernicus Climate Change Service (2019): ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.e2161bac CHANGES 2026-10-22 First published release of the files. 2026-10-27 Added 2,197 places (now 7,426 in 213 countries): the population floor was lowered from 100,000 to 70,000 inhabitants. 12 places are marked approximate (column approximate of the places file). Daylight comparison recomputed for all places.