What the files contain
One row per place and month: 7,426 places × 12 months = 89,112 rows, with the average daily high, low and mean temperature, the average monthly precipitation and the average number of rain days. A second file has one row per place with its yearly figures. Every figure is a long-term average for 1991–2020, computed from ERA5-Land and ERA5 reanalysis data; how, and what the numbers cannot tell you, is explained on the sources, method and limits page.
Downloads
- climanote-city-month-normals.csv.gz: one row per place and month. 1.8 MB, 89,112 rows.
SHA-2568a379073d87789f0caa9b8decd2d9b1653dda0ed457c86a0c3ab220475396c4f - climanote-places.csv.gz: one row per place, with the yearly figures. 0.4 MB, 7,426 rows.
SHA-25633305e79e69317c3777eabb2a918b34f3c9918851fef848b2812d43e23dcc4c6 - README.txt: columns, definitions, how to cite, attribution. 6.9 kB.
SHA-2565caea3e091ddb5a68096a0ae049e4c87cf17a4e5141844c873220cb19dc415ac - SHA256SUMS: SHA-256 checksums of the three files above. 0.3 kB.
SHA-2563e9394865afa8f474fed275333955d754d6177ea80d2266009068de1dea36d96
To check the downloads, put them in one folder and run sha256sum -c SHA256SUMS. Both CSV files are UTF-8, comma-separated, with a header row, compressed with gzip; rows are sorted by country and place.
Columns
Monthly file, climanote-city-month-normals.csv.gz:
geonames_id: GeoNames ID of the place.name: Place name as in GeoNames.country: Country name as shown on ClimaNote.country_slug: Country part of the page address.city_slug: Place part of the page address.lat: Latitude of the place in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded).lon: Longitude of the place in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded).elevation_m: Elevation of the place in whole meters, from GeoNames or the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 fallback; the temperatures are adjusted to it.population: Population (GeoNames).month: Month number, 1 to 12.month_name: Month name, January to December.high_c: Average daily maximum air temperature, °C, one decimal.low_c: Average daily minimum air temperature, °C, one decimal.mean_c: Average daily mean air temperature (mean of the 24 hourly values of each local day), °C, one decimal. Not shown on the pages.rain_mm: Average monthly precipitation total (rain, and snow as water), mm: one decimal below 10 mm, whole millimeters from 10 mm up, 0 below 0.05 mm.rain_days: Average number of days with at least 1 mm of precipitation, one decimal.url: The ClimaNote page that prints these numbers.
Place file, climanote-places.csv.gz:
geonames_id: GeoNames ID of the place.name: Place name as in GeoNames.admin1: First-level administrative region (GeoNames); empty when GeoNames gives none.country: Country name as shown on ClimaNote.country_code: Two-letter country code (GeoNames).country_slug: Country part of the page address.city_slug: Place part of the page address.lat: Latitude in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded).lon: Longitude in decimal degrees, as given by GeoNames (not rounded).elevation_m: Elevation in whole meters, from GeoNames or the Copernicus DEM GLO-90 fallback.population: Population (GeoNames).timezone: Time zone; local days use its standard UTC offset without daylight saving.year_high_c: Mean of the twelve monthly average highs, °C, one decimal.year_low_c: Mean of the twelve monthly average lows, °C, one decimal.year_mean_c: Mean of the twelve monthly mean temperatures, °C, one decimal. Not shown on the pages.year_rain_mm: Sum of the twelve monthly precipitation totals, mm, written like rain_mm.year_rain_days: Sum of the twelve monthly rain-day averages: whole days from 1 up, one decimal below 1.url: The ClimaNote page of the place.approximate: true when no model cell close enough in elevation was available: the cell differs from the place by more than the limit stated on the About page, so the temperatures carry a larger elevation adjustment (the place's pages are marked Approximate). false otherwise.
Definitions and units
- Period. Every figure is a long-term average for 1991–2020 (30 years). It describes the climate of a place, not the weather on a given day, and it is not a forecast.
- Local days. Hourly values are grouped into calendar days of the place's standard time (the time zone's UTC offset without daylight saving).
- Average high and low. The mean of the daily maximum and of the daily minimum temperature over all days of that calendar month in 1991–2020. They are not record extremes.
- Rainfall and rain days. Rainfall is the average of the 30 monthly totals of precipitation. A rain day is a local day with at least 1 mm of precipitation; they are counted for each month and averaged over 30 years.
- Elevation. Temperatures are moved from the model cell's elevation to the place's elevation at 6.5°C per kilometre.
- Rounding. Each number is rounded once, half up on its exact decimal value, exactly as the pages print it. Yearly totals are exact sums of the monthly values.
How to cite
ClimaNote (2026): Monthly climate normals 1991–2020 for 7,426 places, release of 2026-10-27. https://climanote.app/data/. Derived from Copernicus ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis data (read from the Open-Meteo open-data archive) and GeoNames.
@misc{climanote2026normals, author = {{ClimaNote}}, title = {Monthly climate normals 1991--2020 for 7,426 places}, year = {2026}, note = {Release of 2026-10-27}, url = {https://climanote.app/data/}}
License and attribution
These files are published under CC BY 4.0.
The sources and their licenses, as stated on the About page:
- The hourly data are read from the Open-Meteo open-data archive, licensed CC BY 4.0.
- GeoNames (CC BY 4.0): city names, coordinates, populations, elevations and time zones.
When you reuse the files, keep these attribution lines:
Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information (ERA5 and ERA5-Land, 1991–2020). Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.
Copernicus Climate Change Service (2018): ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.adbb2d47
Copernicus Climate Change Service (2019): ERA5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.e2161bac
Changes
- Release of 2026-10-22: First published release of the files.
- Release of 2026-10-27: Added 2,197 places (now 7,426 in 213 countries): the population floor was lowered from 100,000 to 70,000 inhabitants. 12 places are marked approximate (column approximate of the places file). Daylight comparison recomputed for all places.